PIT to DFW Flight Time: How Long is the Flight?


PIT to DFW Flight Time: How Long is the Flight?

The period of air journey between Pittsburgh Worldwide Airport (PIT) and Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW) or Dallas Love Area Airport (DAL) is usually between two and a half to a few hours. A number of components can affect the precise time within the air, together with wind circumstances, flight path, and air visitors congestion. Connecting flights, naturally, add to the entire journey time and will contain layovers in different cities.

Understanding typical flight durations is crucial for planning any journey. Correct time estimations permit vacationers to create real looking itineraries, decrease journey stress, and maximize time spent at their vacation spot. Historic flight knowledge, whereas not a predictor of future efficiency, can supply a invaluable benchmark for anticipating journey occasions. This data allows higher coordination with floor transportation, lodge check-ins, and scheduled actions.

Additional exploration of this subject would possibly embody analyzing the airways that service these routes, evaluating their typical flight occasions, and investigating the affect of seasonal climate patterns on journey period. Analyzing ticket costs in relation to flight occasions also can supply invaluable insights for cost-conscious vacationers.

1. Distance

Distance performs a vital position in figuring out flight period. The better the gap between two airports, the longer the flight will sometimes take. Whereas the flight path is not essentially a straight line as a consequence of air visitors management and different components, the gap between Pittsburgh Worldwide Airport (PIT) and Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW) is roughly 1,220 miles, whereas the gap to Dallas Love Area (DAL) is barely shorter. This appreciable distance necessitates a flight time of a number of hours, even with trendy jet plane. Shorter flights, reminiscent of a regional hop, would possibly take solely an hour as a consequence of lowered distance.

The significance of distance turns into readily obvious when evaluating completely different routes. A flight from Pittsburgh to a more in-depth vacation spot, like Chicago, can have a considerably shorter period than a flight to Dallas. Understanding this direct correlation permits for extra correct journey planning. For instance, one would possibly finances extra time for a cross-country flight in comparison with a shorter, regional flight. This consciousness helps handle expectations and reduces the probability of surprising delays disrupting subsequent journey preparations.

In abstract, distance serves as a basic issue influencing flight occasions. Recognizing the influence of distance, alongside different variables reminiscent of plane sort and climate circumstances, permits for a extra real looking estimation of journey period. This understanding is crucial for environment friendly journey planning, whether or not for enterprise or leisure.

2. Plane Kind

Plane sort considerably influences flight period. Completely different plane possess various cruising speeds, affecting journey time. A more recent, extra technologically superior plane, such because the Boeing 737-800 or Airbus A320, generally used on routes like Pittsburgh to Dallas, usually cruises at larger speeds than older fashions. This interprets to a probably shorter flight period. Conversely, smaller regional jets, just like the Embraer ERJ-145 or Bombardier CRJ, sometimes cruise at decrease speeds, which might enhance journey time, notably over longer distances just like the Pittsburgh to Dallas route.

Contemplating the influence of plane sort on flight period turns into essential when evaluating flight choices. As an illustration, a flight operated by a bigger, quicker plane would possibly shave off invaluable time in comparison with a flight on a smaller, slower regional jet. This distinction may be particularly vital for time-sensitive journey. Moreover, understanding the standard cruising speeds of various plane fashions permits for extra correct estimations of journey time. Whereas airways publish scheduled flight occasions, these may be affected by components like air visitors management. Understanding the plane sort offers an extra layer of perception for planning connecting flights or floor transportation preparations.

In abstract, plane sort represents a key issue influencing flight period. Consciousness of the efficiency traits of various plane fashions, notably cruising speeds, permits for extra knowledgeable decision-making when reserving flights and planning itineraries. This data turns into much more related for longer flights, reminiscent of Pittsburgh to Dallas, the place the influence of plane pace on general journey time is magnified.

3. Air Site visitors Management

Air visitors management (ATC) performs a major position in figuring out the precise period of a flight, together with these between Pittsburgh and Dallas. ATC manages the circulation of plane out and in of airports and throughout airways, making certain protected separation and environment friendly use of airspace. This administration straight impacts flight occasions, as delays and rerouting as a consequence of congestion, climate, or different unexpected circumstances can add appreciable time to a journey.

  • Holding Patterns

    Holding patterns are a typical ATC process that may considerably influence flight period. Plane are typically directed to circle in designated holding areas whereas awaiting clearance to land or proceed alongside their deliberate route. This usually happens in periods of excessive visitors quantity or opposed climate circumstances on the vacation spot airport. A flight from Pittsburgh to Dallas could be positioned in a holding sample close to DFW as a consequence of congestion, including wherever from a couple of minutes to an hour or extra to the entire flight time.

  • Floor Delays and Departure Sequencing

    Floor delays, assigned by ATC earlier than departure, can add to the general journey time. These delays are sometimes carried out to handle visitors circulation at busy airports, stopping congestion each on the bottom and within the air. A flight from Pittsburgh would possibly expertise a floor delay earlier than takeoff, growing the entire journey time to Dallas, even when the precise flight time stays unaffected.

  • Rerouting as a consequence of Climate

    Climate programs considerably affect flight paths and durations. ATC usually reroutes plane round thunderstorms or different extreme climate to make sure passenger security. Whereas mandatory, these deviations from essentially the most direct route enhance the gap traveled and consequently the flight time between Pittsburgh and Dallas.

  • Airspace Congestion

    Airspace congestion, particularly round main hubs like DFW, can result in delays. ATC manages this congestion by adjusting plane speeds and altitudes, sequencing arrivals and departures, and infrequently implementing floor stops. These measures, whereas important for security and effectivity, can add to the entire time a flight takes to achieve its vacation spot.

In conclusion, the affect of air visitors management on flight period is substantial. Whereas components like plane sort and distance contribute to the baseline flight time, ATC-related delays and rerouting, stemming from components like climate, congestion, and floor delays, can considerably lengthen the general journey time between cities like Pittsburgh and Dallas. Understanding the position of ATC offers a extra real looking perspective on potential variations in flight durations and underscores the significance of factoring in potential delays when planning journey.

4. Climate Circumstances

Climate circumstances exert a considerable affect on flight durations between Pittsburgh and Dallas. Hostile climate, each on the origin and vacation spot airports, in addition to alongside the flight path, can result in vital delays and elevated journey time. Robust headwinds, for instance, enhance air resistance, requiring plane to expend extra gas and time to cowl the identical distance. Conversely, tailwinds can scale back flight occasions by propelling the plane ahead with better pace. Thunderstorms, blizzards, and different extreme climate occasions may cause floor delays, holding patterns, and even flight cancellations, considerably impacting journey plans. As an illustration, a flight from Pittsburgh to Dallas would possibly expertise delays as a consequence of heavy snowfall in Pittsburgh, thunderstorms in Dallas, and even extreme climate alongside the flight path, necessitating rerouting and including time to the journey.

The influence of climate on flight period is multifaceted. Visibility performs a vital position, notably throughout takeoff and touchdown. Low visibility as a consequence of fog, heavy rain, or snow can delay departures and arrivals, typically diverting flights to alternate airports. Moreover, icing circumstances pose a major risk to plane security, usually requiring de-icing procedures earlier than takeoff, including to the general journey time. Turbulence, whereas not sometimes inflicting vital delays, could make for a much less comfy flight and, in extreme instances, necessitate changes to the flight path or altitude, probably affecting flight period. Actual-life examples embody cases the place flights from Pittsburgh to Dallas have been delayed or diverted as a consequence of ice storms within the winter or extreme thunderstorms throughout the summer season months. These occasions spotlight the unpredictable nature of climate and its potential to disrupt journey plans.

Understanding the influence of climate circumstances on flight period is essential for efficient journey planning. Checking climate forecasts for each origin and vacation spot airports, in addition to alongside the deliberate flight path, permits vacationers to anticipate potential delays and alter their itineraries accordingly. Flexibility is essential, as weather-related delays may be unpredictable and typically unavoidable. Airways usually present updates on flight statuses and delays associated to climate circumstances, permitting passengers to remain knowledgeable and make mandatory changes to their journey preparations. Recognizing the dynamic relationship between climate and flight occasions offers a extra real looking perspective on journey expectations and permits for higher preparation for potential disruptions.

5. Direct vs. Connecting

The selection between a direct and connecting flight considerably impacts the general journey time between Pittsburgh and Dallas. A direct flight eliminates the necessity for layovers and sometimes represents the quickest journey choice. Nevertheless, connecting flights, whereas usually including a number of hours to the journey as a consequence of layovers, typically supply value financial savings or present entry to locations not served by direct routes. Understanding the trade-offs between time and value, in addition to the potential complexities of connecting flights, is essential for knowledgeable journey planning.

  • Direct Flights

    Direct flights supply essentially the most simple and sometimes quickest journey expertise. These flights proceed straight from the origin airport (PIT) to the vacation spot airport (DFW or DAL) with out intermediate stops. Whereas usually costlier, direct flights decrease journey time and scale back the chance of missed connections or baggage delays. For time-sensitive journey or conditions the place minimizing journey fatigue is paramount, a direct flight usually represents the popular selection, even with a possible value premium.

  • Connecting Flights

    Connecting flights contain a number of intermediate stops, requiring passengers to vary planes at a connecting airport. These layovers can add a number of hours to the entire journey time, relying on the connection period and the variety of stops. Connecting flights usually current a extra budget-friendly choice, particularly for longer distances like Pittsburgh to Dallas. Nevertheless, they introduce complexities like the chance of missed connections as a consequence of delays, elevated potential for luggage points, and the added stress of navigating unfamiliar airports. Vacationers choosing connecting flights ought to fastidiously take into account layover durations, making certain ample time for airplane adjustments and potential delays.

  • Components Influencing Selection

    A number of components affect the choice between direct and connecting flights. Finances constraints usually favor connecting flights, whereas time sensitivity sometimes prioritizes direct flights. The provision of direct flights additionally performs a task, as sure routes will not be served by direct choices, necessitating a connection. Private preferences, reminiscent of aversion to layovers or a desire for particular airways, can additional affect the selection. As an illustration, a enterprise traveler would possibly prioritize a direct flight to reach promptly for a gathering, whereas a leisure traveler would possibly go for a connecting flight with an extended layover to discover a connecting metropolis.

  • Affect on Total Journey Time

    The influence of selecting a direct versus a connecting flight on the general journey time may be substantial. A direct flight from Pittsburgh to Dallas would possibly take round 2.5 to three hours. Nevertheless, a connecting flight, for instance, via Atlanta, might add a number of hours to the journey, with a complete journey time probably exceeding 5 or 6 hours, relying on the layover period. This distinction underscores the significance of fastidiously evaluating flight choices and factoring within the added time related to connecting flights when planning an itinerary.

In abstract, the selection between a direct and connecting flight represents a vital determination when planning journey between Pittsburgh and Dallas. Whereas direct flights supply the quickest and most simple journey expertise, connecting flights usually present value financial savings on the expense of elevated journey time and potential complexities. Rigorously contemplating the trade-offs between time, value, and comfort, alongside particular person journey wants and preferences, permits for knowledgeable decision-making and a extra predictable journey expertise.

6. Airline Schedules

Airline schedules straight affect perceived flight durations between Pittsburgh and Dallas. Printed schedules symbolize the airways’ deliberate departure and arrival occasions. Nevertheless, these schedules function estimates, topic to variation as a consequence of components like air visitors management, climate circumstances, and mechanical points. Whereas airways try to stick to revealed schedules, precise flight occasions can deviate. For instance, a scheduled two-and-a-half-hour flight would possibly expertise a delay as a consequence of air visitors congestion at DFW, leading to an extended general journey time. Conversely, favorable wind circumstances might result in an earlier-than-scheduled arrival. Understanding that revealed schedules symbolize targets, not ensures, permits vacationers to anticipate potential variations and handle expectations accordingly.

Analyzing airline schedules reveals patterns impacting journey time perceptions. Frequency of flights, departure occasions, and layover durations for connecting flights all contribute to the general journey expertise. A traveler departing Pittsburgh early within the morning would possibly encounter much less air visitors congestion than somebody flying throughout peak hours, probably resulting in a shorter precise flight time in comparison with the scheduled period. Equally, selecting a connecting flight with a brief layover would possibly seem to save lots of time on paper, however a minor delay on the primary leg might result in a missed connection and a considerably prolonged journey time. Actual-life examples abound, reminiscent of cases the place vacationers selecting connecting flights with tight layovers via Chicago O’Hare have missed their connections as a consequence of weather-related delays, including a number of hours to their journeys to Dallas.

Successfully decoding airline schedules is crucial for real looking journey planning. Whereas schedules present a framework for estimating journey time, contemplating potential variations as a consequence of operational and exterior components gives a extra complete understanding. Constructing buffer time into itineraries, particularly when counting on connecting flights, mitigates the influence of potential delays. Frequently monitoring flight standing updates supplied by airways permits vacationers to regulate plans proactively in response to schedule adjustments. Recognizing the dynamic nature of airline operations and the affect of exterior components on precise flight occasions empowers vacationers to handle expectations and decrease disruptions. This knowledgeable strategy results in extra environment friendly and fewer annoying journey experiences, whether or not for enterprise or leisure.

7. Time of 12 months

Time of 12 months influences flight period between Pittsburgh and Dallas as a consequence of seasonal climate patterns. Winter usually presents challenges reminiscent of de-icing procedures in Pittsburgh and occasional snowstorms in Dallas, probably inflicting delays. Summer season months deliver dangers of thunderstorms and excessive warmth, impacting flight schedules and typically necessitating rerouting, growing journey time. The frequency and severity of those climate occasions range seasonally, impacting flight predictability. As an illustration, a flight scheduled for January would possibly expertise delays as a consequence of winter storms, whereas a July flight would possibly face delays as a consequence of thunderstorms. These seasonal differences underscore the significance of contemplating time of 12 months when estimating flight durations.

Past direct climate impacts, time of 12 months not directly impacts flight occasions via seasonal air visitors quantity. Peak journey seasons, reminiscent of holidays and summer season trip intervals, usually expertise elevated air visitors. Greater demand can result in airport congestion, each on the bottom and within the air, growing the probability of delays. Air visitors management measures carried out to handle this congestion, reminiscent of holding patterns and floor delays, can additional lengthen flight occasions. For instance, flights throughout Thanksgiving or Christmas weeks would possibly expertise longer taxi occasions and potential airborne delays as a consequence of elevated visitors round each PIT and DFW. Understanding these seasonal tendencies permits vacationers to anticipate potential delays and plan accordingly.

In abstract, time of 12 months represents a vital issue influencing flight period between Pittsburgh and Dallas. Seasonal climate patterns and air visitors variations each contribute to potential delays and deviations from scheduled flight occasions. Integrating an consciousness of those seasonal influences into journey planning, together with consulting historic flight knowledge and contemplating different journey dates when possible, improves the accuracy of journey time estimations and enhances preparedness for potential disruptions. This proactive strategy contributes to extra environment friendly and fewer annoying journey experiences, whatever the season.

8. Wind Velocity

Wind pace considerably influences flight period between Pittsburgh and Dallas. Flights function inside the environment, a dynamic atmosphere continuously affected by wind currents. These winds, various in pace and path at completely different altitudes, exert forces on plane, impacting each airspeed and floor pace. A headwind, blowing straight in opposition to the plane’s path of journey, reduces floor pace and will increase flight time. Conversely, a tailwind, pushing the plane from behind, will increase floor pace and reduces flight time. The influence of wind on flight period turns into notably pronounced over longer distances, such because the Pittsburgh to Dallas route, the place even comparatively average wind pace differentials can accumulate over time, leading to noticeable variations in general journey time. As an illustration, a flight encountering constant 20 mph headwinds might expertise a delay of half-hour or extra in comparison with a flight with calm winds or tailwinds.

Pilots and airways take into account wind forecasts when planning flight routes and figuring out gas necessities. Subtle flight planning software program incorporates wind knowledge to optimize flight paths, aiming to attenuate headwind publicity and maximize tailwind help. Whereas minimizing flight time is a precedence, components reminiscent of air visitors management restrictions and climate programs typically necessitate deviations from essentially the most aerodynamically environment friendly route. These operational realities introduce complexities, highlighting the dynamic relationship between wind pace, flight planning, and precise flight durations. Actual-world eventualities usually exhibit this interaction, with flights experiencing surprising delays or early arrivals as a consequence of unpredicted wind shifts alongside the route.

In conclusion, wind pace represents a vital issue influencing flight durations, particularly for longer routes like Pittsburgh to Dallas. Understanding the influence of headwinds and tailwinds offers a extra nuanced perspective on why precise flight occasions usually deviate from revealed schedules. Whereas airways and pilots leverage meteorological knowledge and flight planning instruments to mitigate the consequences of wind, the dynamic nature of atmospheric circumstances introduces inherent variability in flight durations. Recognizing this complexity permits vacationers to understand the challenges concerned in precisely predicting flight occasions and underscores the significance of flexibility in journey planning.

9. Airport Congestion

Airport congestion considerably influences the general period of a flight from Pittsburgh to Dallas. Whereas the scheduled flight time represents the anticipated time within the air, congestion at both the origin (PIT) or vacation spot (DFW or DAL) airports, and even at connecting airports, can add substantial time to the entire journey expertise. This influence manifests in numerous varieties, from prolonged taxi occasions to potential delays in departure and arrival.

  • Floor Delays and Taxi Occasions

    Congestion on the airport tarmac usually results in prolonged taxi occasions, each earlier than takeoff and after touchdown. Plane could also be held on the bottom awaiting obtainable gates or clearance to proceed to the runway. Throughout peak hours or intervals of excessive visitors quantity, these delays can add a major period of time to the general journey period. For instance, a flight from Pittsburgh would possibly expertise prolonged taxi occasions earlier than takeoff as a consequence of congestion at PIT, or upon arrival at DFW as a consequence of restricted gate availability. These delays, whereas typically seemingly minor individually, can accumulate and considerably influence connecting flight schedules or deliberate floor transportation preparations.

  • Departure and Arrival Delays

    Airport congestion ceaselessly causes delays in each departures and arrivals. Plane could also be held on the gate awaiting their assigned takeoff slot, or they might be compelled to circle in holding patterns close to the vacation spot airport as a consequence of visitors congestion on the runways. Such delays can vary from a couple of minutes to a number of hours, relying on the severity of the congestion. A flight from Pittsburgh scheduled to reach in Dallas at a particular time would possibly expertise vital delays as a consequence of heavy arrival visitors at DFW, disrupting subsequent journey plans.

  • Affect on Connecting Flights

    Airport congestion at connecting hubs can have cascading results on flight itineraries. A delay on the preliminary flight from Pittsburgh, attributable to congestion at a connecting airport like Chicago O’Hare or Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson, can result in missed connections and vital disruptions to journey plans. Even seemingly minor delays may end up in missed connections, necessitating rebooking onto later flights, usually including hours to the entire journey time to Dallas.

  • Gate Availability and Ramp Congestion

    Restricted gate availability and ramp congestion contribute considerably to airport delays. Plane arriving at congested airports could also be compelled to attend for an obtainable gate earlier than passengers can disembark. Equally, departing plane could expertise delays pushing again from the gate as a consequence of congestion on the ramp space. These seemingly minor operational challenges can ripple via the system, impacting flight schedules and growing general journey time.

In conclusion, airport congestion represents a major issue influencing the precise period of flights from Pittsburgh to Dallas. Whereas scheduled flight occasions present an estimate of the time spent within the air, floor delays, departure and arrival delays, and the cascading results of congestion on connecting flights can add appreciable time to the general journey expertise. Recognizing the influence of airport congestion, notably throughout peak journey intervals or at main hub airports, permits vacationers to handle expectations, plan for potential delays, and take into account methods to mitigate disruptions, reminiscent of reserving direct flights when possible or permitting ample connection occasions.

Often Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to flight durations between Pittsburgh and Dallas.

Query 1: What’s the typical flight time for a direct flight from Pittsburgh to Dallas?

Direct flights from Pittsburgh to Dallas sometimes vary from 2.5 to three hours.

Query 2: How do climate circumstances have an effect on flight period?

Hostile climate, reminiscent of thunderstorms, snowstorms, or sturdy winds, may cause delays and enhance flight occasions as a consequence of rerouting, air visitors management measures, or de-icing procedures.

Query 3: Do connecting flights considerably enhance journey time?

Connecting flights invariably enhance complete journey time as a consequence of layovers, which might vary from one to a number of hours relying on the connection and airport. Missed connections as a consequence of delays additional exacerbate this elevated period.

Query 4: How does airport congestion influence flight occasions?

Congestion at both the origin, vacation spot, or connecting airports can result in delays, extending taxi occasions, departure and arrival occasions, probably affecting connecting flights and general journey period.

Query 5: Why do precise flight occasions typically differ from revealed schedules?

Printed schedules are estimates, topic to vary as a consequence of operational components reminiscent of air visitors management selections, climate circumstances, and mechanical points.

Query 6: How can vacationers mitigate potential delays and disruptions?

Checking climate forecasts, monitoring flight standing updates, and constructing buffer time into journey plans, notably for connecting flights, will help mitigate disruptions and handle expectations. Selecting direct flights when possible additionally reduces the chance of delays related to connections.

Thorough pre-flight planning, contemplating components like climate, airport congestion, and potential for delays, equips vacationers with real looking expectations and minimizes the influence of unexpected circumstances.

Additional info relating to particular airline schedules, baggage insurance policies, and airport facilities may be discovered on particular person airline web sites or airport web sites.

Suggestions for Planning Journey Based mostly on Flight Period

Environment friendly journey planning hinges on understanding typical flight durations. The following tips supply sensible steering for leveraging this information to create smoother, extra predictable journey experiences between Pittsburgh and Dallas.

Tip 1: E-book Direct Flights When Possible: Direct flights decrease complete journey time by eliminating layovers and the related dangers of missed connections. Whereas probably costlier, the time saved and lowered stress usually outweigh the associated fee premium, particularly for time-sensitive journey.

Tip 2: Think about Time of 12 months: Seasonal climate patterns and air visitors variations influence flight durations. Researching historic flight knowledge and anticipated climate circumstances for the meant journey dates permits for extra real looking planning and probably avoiding peak journey intervals.

Tip 3: Monitor Flight Standing Updates: Airways present real-time updates on flight statuses, together with delays and gate adjustments. Frequently monitoring these updates permits for proactive changes to journey plans, minimizing disruptions and maximizing environment friendly use of time.

Tip 4: Construct Buffer Time into Itineraries: Incorporating buffer time, particularly between connecting flights and scheduled actions upon arrival, offers flexibility to accommodate surprising delays, lowering stress and making certain smoother transitions.

Tip 5: Consider Airport Congestion: Airport congestion, notably throughout peak hours or at main hubs, can considerably influence journey time. Researching typical congestion patterns and contemplating different arrival and departure occasions can mitigate potential delays.

Tip 6: Examine Airline Schedules: Completely different airways supply various flight schedules and routes. Evaluating these choices permits for knowledgeable selections based mostly on most well-liked departure and arrival occasions, contemplating potential layovers and general journey period.

Tip 7: Perceive the Affect of Climate: Climate circumstances symbolize a serious supply of flight delays. Checking climate forecasts for each origin and vacation spot airports, in addition to alongside the deliberate flight path, permits for proactive changes to journey plans and knowledgeable decision-making relating to potential disruptions.

By integrating the following tips into journey planning, people can create extra environment friendly, predictable, and fewer annoying journey experiences. Knowledgeable decision-making, based mostly on understanding typical flight durations and potential influencing components, empowers vacationers to maximise their time and decrease disruptions.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing takeaways and gives ultimate suggestions for optimizing journey between Pittsburgh and Dallas.

Conclusion

Flight period between Pittsburgh and Dallas represents a multifaceted subject influenced by a fancy interaction of things. Whereas direct flights ideally span 2.5 to three hours, variables reminiscent of plane sort, climate circumstances, air visitors management, and airport congestion introduce variability. Connecting flights, whereas providing potential value advantages, enhance general journey time as a consequence of layovers and the inherent danger of missed connections. Differences due to the season in climate and air visitors quantity additional complicate estimations. Wind pace, usually an ignored issue, exerts a major affect on airspeed and floor pace, straight impacting flight period. Cautious consideration of those components offers vacationers with a extra real looking perspective on anticipated journey occasions.

Efficient journey planning necessitates a complete understanding of those influencing components. Proactive measures, reminiscent of monitoring flight standing updates, constructing buffer time into itineraries, and contemplating different journey dates, empower vacationers to mitigate potential disruptions. Knowledgeable decision-making, based mostly on a radical evaluation of airline schedules, climate forecasts, and potential airport congestion, optimizes journey experiences. This knowledgeable strategy fosters real looking expectations, minimizing stress and maximizing environment friendly use of time, whatever the inherent variability in flight durations between Pittsburgh and Dallas.