9+ Quick Ways to Change Keyboard on Android Phone Now!


9+ Quick Ways to Change Keyboard on Android Phone Now!

The flexibility to change the enter technique on Android gadgets provides appreciable customization. This performance permits customers to pick out from quite a lot of keyboard purposes accessible via the Google Play Retailer, catering to various preferences corresponding to format, language assist, and extra options like gesture typing or predictive textual content. As an example, a consumer may change the default keyboard with one that gives enhanced emoji assist or a unique visible theme.

Customizing the enter technique offers important benefits. It enhances typing velocity and accuracy by permitting choice of layouts that finest swimsuit particular person wants. Furthermore, the choice to put in specialised keyboards designed for multilingual typing or particular skilled contexts streamlines communication. Traditionally, the evolution of cellular working programs included a shift in the direction of higher consumer management over system-level features, and the flexibility to switch the keyboard exemplifies this pattern.

The method to perform this customization is mostly easy and accessible inside the machine’s settings. The next sections will element the exact steps required to entry and modify the energetic keyboard on an Android telephone, making certain customers can leverage this vital function successfully.

1. Settings Entry

Accessing the machine’s settings constitutes the preliminary and indispensable step in modifying the default keyboard. With out navigating to the suitable settings menu, any makes an attempt to change the enter technique are rendered inconceivable. This preliminary entry serves because the gateway to system-level configurations, the place keyboard-related preferences are managed. The sequence includes finding the ‘Settings’ software, sometimes represented by a gear icon, after which navigating via menus associated to ‘Basic Administration,’ ‘Language and Enter,’ or equally titled sections, relying on the Android model and producer’s modifications. The right navigation allows the consumer to affect the enter technique successfully.

The absence of familiarity with this entry process can result in frustration and an incapability to leverage the customization options supplied by the Android working system. As an example, a consumer who downloads a brand new keyboard software however can not find the related settings menu will stay confined to the default keyboard. The flexibility to put in and choose a most well-liked keyboard is contingent upon profitable navigation inside the settings hierarchy. Frequent errors contain trying to find keyboard settings inside application-specific menus slightly than the system-wide settings.

In abstract, the significance of “Settings Entry” as a foundational factor in controlling the enter technique is evident. Efficiently navigating to the system settings represents the essential first step in realizing the good thing about custom-made keyboard purposes and layouts. It empowers the consumer to make knowledgeable decisions concerning enter preferences, and addresses potential challenges encountered when trying this modification.

2. Keyboard Choice

Keyboard choice immediately and causally influences the expertise of modifying the enter technique. The consumer’s alternative of keyboard software from the Google Play Retailer determines the functionalities, language assist, and aesthetic qualities of the typing interface. This choice precedes the method of designating it because the default, representing an important step in customizing the machine. For instance, if a consumer requires a keyboard with intensive assist for a selected international language, the choice of an acceptable keyboard software is paramount. The following steps to vary the keyboard are contingent on this preliminary determination.

The importance of keyboard choice is highlighted when contemplating accessibility wants. People with visible impairments might go for a keyboard with bigger keys and high-contrast themes. Others might prioritize a keyboard with enhanced predictive textual content for quicker typing. The sheer number of keyboard purposes accessible allows customers to tailor the enter technique to their distinctive necessities. Furthermore, the choice course of isn’t restricted to a single software. Customers can experiment with a number of keyboards, switching between them as wanted, providing flexibility in responding to totally different duties or contexts. This underlines the sensible actuality that altering the default includes a interval of analysis to establish the optimum alternative.

In abstract, keyboard choice varieties an integral a part of modifying the enter technique, offering the muse upon which all subsequent steps are constructed. The effectiveness of altering the machine’s enter technique hinges upon the consumer’s capability to establish and select the applying that finest aligns with their particular person wants and preferences. Challenges encountered in deciding on an acceptable keyboard can hinder the consumer’s capability to enhance their machine interplay. The method represents greater than only a technical process; it permits customers to claim management over their machine interplay in a significant method.

3. Default Setting

The designation of a ‘Default Setting’ for the keyboard app represents the fruits of the choice and set up course of. Whereas a consumer may possess a number of keyboard purposes on an Android machine, the ‘Default Setting’ determines which keyboard is actively used for textual content enter throughout the working system. This specification is vital to attaining the specified consumer expertise in modifying the enter technique.

  • System-Broad Utility

    The ‘Default Setting’ applies throughout all purposes on the Android machine, until an software particularly overrides this setting. For instance, if a consumer designates ‘Keyboard X’ because the default, it is going to be utilized in messaging apps, internet browsers, and e mail purchasers. A failure to determine the ‘Default Setting’ means the system will revert to its pre-existing keyboard or immediate the consumer to decide on every time textual content enter is required. This leads to a fragmented expertise, undermining the hassle to switch the enter technique.

  • Persistence Throughout Reboot

    The ‘Default Setting’ stays persistent even after the machine is powered on and off once more. The chosen keyboard software is routinely re-enabled at boot, negating the necessity for repeated handbook choice. This ensures continuity and comfort within the consumer’s interplay with the machine. A setting that doesn’t persist defeats the aim of customization, rendering the preliminary choice irrelevant.

  • Priority Over Pre-Put in Keyboards

    The ‘Default Setting’ overrides the pre-installed keyboard software supplied by the machine producer. Whatever the producer’s alternative of default keyboard, the user-selected ‘Default Setting’ takes priority. This grants customers the autonomy to decide on an enter technique aligned with particular person necessities, circumventing constraints imposed by the machine’s inventory configuration. With out this override functionality, machine producers would dictate enter choices, limiting customization.

  • Gateway to Customization

    The ‘Default Setting’ acts as a gateway to keyboard-specific customization choices. Solely the chosen default keyboard’s settings are accessible for fine-tuning, corresponding to adjusting keyboard peak, enabling gesture typing, or modifying theme choices. Setting a default keyboard facilitates direct entry to the customization parameters supplied by that particular keyboard app. An improperly set default inhibits additional customization and tailoring of the typing expertise.

The ‘Default Setting’ isn’t merely a choice; it’s the mechanism by which the consumer asserts management over the Android machine’s enter technique. It transforms the act of keyboard choice from a potentiality right into a sensible actuality. The flexibility to designate a ‘Default Setting’ offers tangible management over keyboard choice on the Android machine. It permits for integration of the enter technique, granting constant entry to personalized options.

4. App Set up

App set up features as a vital prerequisite inside the strategy of modifying the enter technique on an Android telephone. The default keyboard supplied by the machine producer might not fulfill particular person consumer necessities regarding language assist, options, or typing preferences. To entry a wider vary of enter strategies, set up of third-party keyboard purposes from the Google Play Retailer turns into important. The presence of an acceptable software is a crucial situation earlier than the working system can acknowledge and allow it as a viable different.

Take into account the state of affairs the place a consumer must kind in a language not natively supported by the machine’s default keyboard. The consumer should first establish and obtain a keyboard software that features the required language pack. With out putting in the applying, the choice to change to that language stays unavailable. Moreover, keyboard purposes typically bundle further options corresponding to gesture typing, customizable themes, and superior predictive textual content algorithms. Entry to those enhancements is immediately contingent upon the profitable set up of the respective software. The set up course of grants the working system the required information and permissions to combine the brand new keyboard seamlessly. In impact, app set up unlocks the potential to interact the processes to switch enter strategies.

In conclusion, app set up isn’t merely a preparatory step however an integral element of altering the Android telephone’s enter technique. It expands the accessible choices past the manufacturing unit default, facilitating personalised enter customization. Whereas keyboard choice and default settings are essential steps, they’re predicated on the prior act of putting in the specified keyboard software. Overlooking the importance of app set up will invariably limit the consumer to the machine’s preliminary enter technique, stopping the utilization of different keyboard layouts and functionalities.

5. Language Choices

The configuration of language choices inside an Android telephone immediately influences the effectiveness of fixing the default enter technique. Language settings have an effect on the accessible keyboard layouts, dictionaries, and predictive textual content options, impacting the consumer’s capability to speak effectively in a selected language. Correct adjustment of those settings is a prerequisite for optimum utilization of any put in keyboard software.

  • Keyboard Layouts

    The chosen language determines the accessible keyboard layouts. Completely different languages require distinct character units and keyboard preparations. For instance, a consumer deciding on a Spanish language setting positive factors entry to a keyboard format that features the ” character and acceptable accent marks. Conversely, a consumer deciding on a Russian language setting could be offered with a Cyrillic keyboard format. With out setting the right language, the specified format will not be accessible, whatever the chosen keyboard app. This immediately impacts the consumer’s capability to kind within the supposed language.

  • Dictionary and Predictive Textual content

    Language settings govern the dictionary used for spell-checking and predictive textual content ideas. When a consumer varieties, the keyboard depends on the chosen language’s dictionary to supply related phrase predictions and proper spelling errors. If the language setting doesn’t match the language being typed, the predictive textual content can be inaccurate, and spell-checking will produce inaccurate outcomes. This discrepancy diminishes the effectivity and accuracy of textual content enter, defeating the aim of customizing the keyboard.

  • Voice Enter Languages

    Language choices additionally prolong to voice enter performance. Android’s voice-to-text function makes use of the chosen language to interpret spoken phrases. Inaccurate language settings will result in misinterpretations and transcription errors throughout voice enter. This limitation necessitates matching the language choice to the supposed spoken language for efficient voice-based communication.

  • System Language vs. Keyboard Language

    Android permits for unbiased settings for the system language and keyboard language. A consumer may desire the system interface to be in English whereas typing primarily in French. In such circumstances, the keyboard language possibility have to be particularly configured to French, unbiased of the general system language setting. Failure to tell apart these two settings can result in mismatches between the displayed interface and the accessible enter strategies.

In abstract, language choices represent an indispensable element of the keyboard customization course of. The correct configuration of those settings ensures that the chosen keyboard software features successfully inside the desired language atmosphere, maximizing typing velocity, accuracy, and total consumer expertise. Neglecting language settings can negate the advantages of fixing the keyboard. It is very important verify language possibility.

6. Enter Strategies

Enter strategies embody the varied methods customers enter knowledge into an Android machine. These prolong past the usual keyboard, together with voice recognition, handwriting enter, and specialised {hardware} interfaces. The performance to switch the keyboard on an Android telephone immediately addresses the choice and configuration of those varied enter strategies, affording a major stage of consumer customization.

  • Software program Keyboards

    Software program keyboards represent the first enter technique on most Android gadgets. These digital keyboards provide a variety of layouts, language assist, and customization choices. The flexibility to vary the keyboard permits customers to pick out from quite a lot of software program keyboards, every with distinct options. For instance, a consumer may swap from the default keyboard to 1 with enhanced gesture typing or improved emoji integration. This choice immediately influences typing velocity and accuracy.

  • Voice Enter

    Voice enter represents an alternate enter technique, enabling customers to dictate textual content slightly than kind it manually. Android’s voice recognition capabilities depend on particular language fashions and speech processing algorithms. The choice of an acceptable keyboard software typically integrates or enhances voice enter performance. A consumer may select a keyboard app that gives extra correct voice recognition for a specific language or accent. The mixing permits for handy switching between keyboard and voice enter modes.

  • Handwriting Recognition

    Handwriting recognition transforms handwritten textual content into digital characters. This enter technique is especially helpful for customers preferring writing with a stylus or finger. Sure keyboard purposes specialise in handwriting recognition, providing superior options corresponding to character prediction and error correction. By altering the keyboard, a consumer positive factors entry to those specialised handwriting enter instruments, bettering the effectivity of handwritten textual content entry.

  • {Hardware} Keyboards

    {Hardware} keyboards, linked through Bluetooth or USB, present a tactile typing expertise just like a bodily keyboard. Android gadgets assist a variety of {hardware} keyboards. The system should correctly acknowledge and configure the linked {hardware} keyboard for optimum use. This includes adjusting keyboard layouts and enter settings to match the {hardware} keyboard’s bodily association. Altering the default keyboard settings on the Android machine ensures compatibility and seamless integration with exterior {hardware} keyboards. The keyboard choice course of facilitates the usage of exterior gadgets for extra environment friendly typing.

The choice and configuration of enter strategies are intricately linked to the consumer’s capability to switch the keyboard on an Android telephone. The method empowers customers to tailor their enter expertise to particular wants and preferences, maximizing effectivity and comfort. Customizing enter strategies is a key think about attaining a personalised consumer expertise on Android gadgets.

7. Permissions Granted

The granting of permissions to keyboard purposes represents a vital facet of fixing the enter technique on Android telephones. These permissions decide the applying’s entry to system sources and consumer knowledge, considerably impacting performance and safety. Understanding the character and implications of those permissions is important for knowledgeable decision-making.

  • Full Entry Permission

    Granting ‘full entry’ to a keyboard software permits it to document typed info, together with passwords and delicate knowledge. This permission is commonly required for options like personalised predictions and cloud-based studying. Nevertheless, it additionally presents a privateness threat, as the applying developer positive factors entry to all typed enter. A consumer looking for to vary the keyboard should rigorously consider the trustworthiness of the applying earlier than granting this permission. The potential safety implications warrant heightened scrutiny.

  • Community Entry Permission

    Community entry permits the keyboard software to connect with the web. That is typically crucial for downloading language packs, synchronizing settings throughout gadgets, or using cloud-based predictive textual content companies. Nevertheless, unchecked community entry can result in knowledge consumption and potential safety vulnerabilities. A consumer ought to confirm the applying developer’s knowledge dealing with practices to mitigate dangers. The transmission of typing knowledge over the community ought to be encrypted to stop eavesdropping.

  • Contacts Entry Permission

    Some keyboard purposes request entry to the consumer’s contacts. This permission is used to enhance predictive textual content ideas by studying the names of often contacted people. Nevertheless, granting entry to contacts raises privateness issues. The applying developer positive factors entry to non-public info, probably resulting in misuse or unauthorized sharing. A consumer ought to contemplate whether or not the predictive textual content advantages outweigh the privateness dangers earlier than granting this permission.

  • Storage Entry Permission

    Storage entry allows the keyboard software to learn and write information on the machine’s storage. This permission is commonly required for storing customized dictionaries, themes, or configuration settings. Nevertheless, unrestricted storage entry can pose safety dangers. A malicious software may probably entry delicate information or modify system settings. A consumer ought to rigorously evaluation the applying’s supposed use of storage entry and grant it provided that crucial. That is particularly vital on gadgets with shared storage sources.

The interaction between permissions granted and keyboard modification highlights the significance of knowledgeable consent. Whereas granting crucial permissions permits the applying to perform as supposed, extreme or unwarranted permissions expose the consumer to potential safety and privateness dangers. A consumer ought to rigorously consider the permission requests of keyboard purposes earlier than putting in and enabling them. Common evaluation and revocation of pointless permissions are beneficial to take care of a safe and personal cellular atmosphere.

8. Troubleshooting

Difficulties encountered whereas modifying the keyboard on an Android machine necessitate a structured troubleshooting strategy. Insufficient troubleshooting can render the customization course of ineffective, leaving the consumer with both the unique, undesired keyboard or a non-functional enter technique. A scientific strategy to figuring out and resolving these points is important for a profitable modification. A typical reason behind failure stems from inadequate permissions granted to the brand new keyboard software. The Android working system requires express consumer consent for entry to sure features, corresponding to studying contacts or accessing the web. If these permissions usually are not correctly granted, the keyboard might perform incorrectly or in no way. Resolving this requires navigating to the machine’s settings, finding the applying within the permissions supervisor, and enabling the required entry privileges. Equally, if the language settings inside the keyboard software usually are not aligned with the supposed enter language, textual content prediction and auto-correction options might malfunction, resulting in frustration and inaccurate typing.

One other frequent drawback arises from conflicts between a number of put in keyboard purposes. The Android system won’t accurately establish the consumer’s most well-liked default keyboard, ensuing within the machine reverting to the pre-installed possibility or repeatedly prompting the consumer to pick out a keyboard. An answer entails explicitly designating the popular keyboard because the default inside the system settings, making certain that the setting persists throughout reboots. Furthermore, some gadgets exhibit compatibility points with sure keyboard purposes. This may increasingly manifest as graphical glitches, software crashes, or unresponsive enter. In such circumstances, researching consumer opinions and compatibility stories can present helpful insights, probably resulting in the choice of an alternate, extra secure keyboard software. Reinstallation of the suspect software can also be thought of.

Efficient troubleshooting serves as an integral element of keyboard modification on Android gadgets. Addressing frequent points corresponding to permission conflicts, language setting discrepancies, and software incompatibilities is essential for a seamless and profitable customization expertise. The flexibility to diagnose and resolve these issues empowers customers to optimize their machine’s enter technique, resulting in enhanced productiveness and consumer satisfaction. The absence of such troubleshooting abilities results in elevated frustration and impedes the total realization of Androids customization potential. It also needs to be famous that customers also needs to confirm the popularity of the keyboard app from the google play retailer.

9. Customization Choices

The supply of assorted customization choices constitutes a major think about figuring out the general worth of modifying the keyboard on an Android telephone. The flexibility to tailor the enter technique to particular wants and preferences immediately impacts typing effectivity, accessibility, and consumer satisfaction.

  • Theme Choice

    Theme choice permits customers to switch the visible look of the keyboard, altering the colour scheme, background photographs, and key kinds. This customization extends past mere aesthetics, probably bettering visibility in several lighting circumstances or decreasing eye pressure. As an example, a consumer may choose a high-contrast theme for enhanced readability or a darkish theme to preserve battery life on gadgets with OLED shows. The choice to vary the keyboard’s look contributes to a extra personalised and comfy typing expertise. It permits customers to align the keyboard’s look with their machine theme or particular person preferences.

  • Format Adjustment

    Format adjustment allows customers to reposition keys, resize the keyboard, or swap between totally different keyboard preparations, corresponding to QWERTY, Dvorak, or AZERTY. This performance is especially helpful for customers with particular hand sizes or these accustomed to different keyboard layouts. For instance, a consumer with bigger fingers may improve the keyboard measurement for extra correct typing, whereas a consumer aware of the Dvorak format would swap from the usual QWERTY association. The flexibleness to switch the keyboard format optimizes typing effectivity and reduces errors.

  • Gesture Customization

    Gesture customization permits customers to outline particular actions for swipe gestures on the keyboard. These gestures might be mapped to frequent duties, corresponding to deleting phrases, inserting areas, or accessing often used symbols. This performance streamlines textual content enter and reduces the necessity to faucet particular person keys. As an example, a consumer may configure a swipe left gesture to delete the final phrase or a swipe up gesture to insert a interval. Customizable gestures improve typing velocity and effectivity, notably for customers who rely closely on swipe typing.

  • Textual content Prediction Settings

    Textual content prediction settings govern the conduct of the keyboard’s predictive textual content engine. Customers can regulate the extent of prediction, allow or disable auto-correction, and add customized phrases to the dictionary. These settings enable for fine-tuning of the keyboard’s help, adapting it to the consumer’s writing type and vocabulary. For instance, a consumer writing technical paperwork may disable auto-correction to stop undesirable adjustments to specialised terminology, whereas a consumer typing informal messages may allow aggressive prediction to hurry up enter. Customizable textual content prediction improves typing accuracy and reduces the hassle required to enter textual content.

In essence, the array of customization choices accessible immediately contributes to the potential advantages derived from modifying the keyboard on an Android machine. The flexibility to pick out themes, regulate layouts, customise gestures, and fine-tune textual content prediction empowers customers to create a extremely personalised and environment friendly enter technique. These modifications collectively improve typing velocity, accuracy, and total satisfaction. The presence of strong customization choices transforms the straightforward act of fixing a keyboard into a robust device for optimizing machine interplay.

Regularly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the method of modifying the default keyboard on Android gadgets. The data supplied goals to make clear potential misconceptions and provide concise explanations concerning key features of keyboard customization.

Query 1: Is it essential to obtain a third-party software to vary the keyboard?

Whereas some Android gadgets provide restricted keyboard customization choices inside the system settings, putting in a third-party keyboard software from the Google Play Retailer is mostly required to entry a wider vary of options, language assist, and customization choices.

Query 2: Does altering the keyboard compromise machine safety?

Altering the keyboard itself doesn’t inherently compromise machine safety. Nevertheless, granting extreme permissions to untrustworthy keyboard purposes can pose safety dangers. It’s crucial to rigorously evaluation the permissions requested by the applying and choose respected builders to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

Query 3: What number of keyboards might be put in on an Android telephone concurrently?

Android gadgets can accommodate a number of put in keyboard purposes. Nevertheless, just one keyboard might be designated because the default enter technique at any given time. Customers can swap between put in keyboards as wanted through the system settings or a keyboard choice immediate.

Query 4: Will altering the keyboard have an effect on the system language of the Android telephone?

Altering the keyboard doesn’t routinely alter the system language of the Android telephone. System language settings and keyboard language settings are unbiased. A consumer can choose a keyboard with a unique language format with out altering the general system language.

Query 5: What occurs if a newly put in keyboard software malfunctions or causes system instability?

If a newly put in keyboard software malfunctions or causes system instability, it may be uninstalled via the machine’s software supervisor. Uninstalling the problematic software will sometimes restore the earlier default keyboard and resolve any system points. A manufacturing unit reset is mostly pointless.

Query 6: Is it attainable to customise the looks and performance of the default keyboard with out putting in a third-party software?

The extent of customization accessible for the default keyboard varies relying on the Android machine producer and working system model. Some gadgets provide restricted choices for theme choice, key format adjustment, and textual content prediction settings. Nevertheless, putting in a third-party software usually offers a higher diploma of customization.

The flexibility to switch the keyboard provides substantial consumer profit, supplied the suitable safety measures are adopted and correct consideration is given to compatibility and practical expectations.

The next part will present a step-by-step information to putting in and configuring a brand new keyboard on an Android telephone.

Professional Steerage

The next ideas provide insights to boost the method of modifying the keyboard, making certain a safe and environment friendly consumer expertise. Adherence to those pointers minimizes potential issues and maximizes the advantages of keyboard customization.

Tip 1: Prioritize Safety Analysis. Totally examine the popularity and safety practices of keyboard purposes earlier than set up. Look at consumer opinions, developer credentials, and privateness insurance policies to evaluate the chance of knowledge breaches or malicious exercise. Neglecting this analysis introduces vulnerabilities.

Tip 2: Implement Permission Administration. Train granular management over permissions granted to keyboard purposes. Prohibit entry to delicate knowledge, corresponding to contacts and storage, until explicitly required for core performance. Often evaluation and revoke pointless permissions to reduce potential safety exposures.

Tip 3: Make the most of Backup Procedures. Earlier than modifying the keyboard, create a backup of machine settings and knowledge. This precaution allows a swift restoration to the earlier configuration in case of compatibility points or sudden system conduct. This security measure minimizes knowledge loss and disruption.

Tip 4: Optimize Keyboard Settings. Discover the total vary of customization choices supplied by the chosen keyboard software. Alter format, themes, and textual content prediction settings to swimsuit particular person typing preferences and accessibility wants. Correct configuration enhances typing effectivity and reduces errors.

Tip 5: Discover Enter Technique Selection. Reap the benefits of different enter strategies, corresponding to voice recognition and handwriting enter, to enrich the usual keyboard. Experimentation with totally different enter methods can enhance total productiveness and tackle particular accessibility necessities. This consists of evaluating {hardware} keyboard choices for suitable gadgets.

Tip 6: Often Replace Purposes. Preserve present variations of keyboard purposes to learn from the most recent safety patches, bug fixes, and have enhancements. Well timed updates mitigate potential vulnerabilities and optimize software efficiency. Neglecting updates will increase the chance of software-related points.

Tip 7: Validate Language Settings. Confirm that language settings inside the keyboard software align with the supposed enter language. Inaccurate language configurations can result in incorrect textual content predictions, spelling errors, and decreased typing effectivity. Right language settings are essential for correct and efficient textual content enter.

The applying of those pointers facilitates a safe, custom-made, and environment friendly keyboard modification course of. Adherence to those ideas empowers customers to optimize their Android machine enter technique whereas minimizing potential dangers.

The succeeding phase of this doc provides concluding remarks and summarizes the important thing findings concerning the optimization of Android keyboard features.

Conclusion

This exploration of the Android working system’s enter technique performance reveals a vital facet of machine personalization. The flexibility to change the keyboard offers alternatives to enhance consumer expertise via custom-made layouts, enhanced language assist, and specialised options. The process, involving settings navigation, software set up, permission administration, and default designation, allows customers to tailor their machine to particular person preferences and necessities. An understanding of those parts is essential for maximizing the good thing about this customization functionality.

Efficient administration of keyboard settings and acceptable permission dealing with are important for sustaining machine safety and knowledge privateness. Continued exploration of enter strategies and adherence to established finest practices will contribute to a extra environment friendly and safe cellular computing atmosphere. Customers are inspired to train diligence in software choice and configuration to make sure optimum machine efficiency and knowledge safety.